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Lermontov's Borodino poem - 19th century narrative



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Fri Jun 25, 2010 5:07 am
napalmerski says...



You 're never to behold such fights!..
The banners would fly by like sprites,
In smoke would glimmer fire,
The blade would sound, the grape would shriek,
The fighters' hand to thrust grow weak,
And muzzles have no space to seek
O'er bloody heaps e'er higher.


Here I think is a good example of striking narrative poetry.
Mikhail Lermontov was an officer and a gentleman, died in a duel in 1841 at the age of 26. Before that he had already written the first modern psychological novel 'Hero of Our Times', which together with Gogol's 'Dead Souls' gave the matrix for much of contemporary high literature, but Lermontov was known first and foremost as a poet.
His poem 'Borodino' refrences the battle of Borodino:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Borodino
The Battle of Borodino (Russian: Бородинская битва, Borodinskaya bitva; French: Bataille de la Moskowa), fought on September 7, 1812,[9] was the largest and bloodiest single-day action of the French invasion of Russia, involving more than 250,000 troops and resulting in at least 70,000 casualties. The French Grande Armée under Emperor Napoleon I attacked the Imperial Russian Army of General Mikhail Kutuzov near the village of Borodino, west of the town of Mozhaysk, and eventually captured the main positions on the battlefield, but failed to destroy the Russian army. About a third of Napoleon's soldiers were killed or wounded; Russian losses, while heavier, could be replaced due to Russia's large population, since Napoleon's campaign took place on Russian soil.

The battle itself was broken off by mutual consent of the exhausted combatants. Despite severe losses, Kutuzov was able to withdraw Russian army in good order. The battle at Borodino was a pivotal point in the campaign, as it was the last offensive action fought by Napoleon in Russia. By withdrawing, the Russian army opened a road to Moscow but preserved its combat strength, eventually allowing them to force Napoleon out of the country.


The plot of the poem is a youth talking to an old veteran, prodding him to recount the battle after which Moscow was given up to Napoleon's army. I believe the English translation succeeds to a large extent in conveying the feel of the poem, if not the original rhythm.

Here it is:

M. Mihail Lermontov
BORODINO

– HEY tell, old man, had we a cause
When Moscow, razed by fire, once was
Given up to Frenchman's blow?
Old-timers talk about some frays,
And they remember well those days!
With cause all Russia fashions lays
About Borodino!

– Yea, were there men when I was young,
Whose songs your tribe is not to 've sung:
They'd fight,– you 're none as good!
An evil lot have they been drawn:
Few left the grounds to which they had gone...
Had it not been God's will alone,
Old Moscow should have stood!

Retreating this day and the next,
We wonder'd when 's our battle, vext;
The veterans talk'd upset:
"What then? we 're off to winter dorms?
Go the commanders by new norms;
Daren't they rip foreign uniforms
On Russian bayonet?"

And then we had come upon a plain:
Here 's room to fight with might and main!
There built we a redoubt.
Our troops are curt on high alert!
Soon as sun's beams on cannon spurt,
And on the bluish wood-tops squirt –
The Frenchmen march right out.

I drove the shell in tight: well isn't
It meet our guest receive a present!
Hold off, my friend Moosue!
Who needs these games, why not begin;
Those left alive will wall you in,
If this be what it takes to win
Our motherland from you!

Two-days'-worth pass'd in trading shots.
Why give of that too many thoughts?
We waited third day on.
Words started then to fly to the ear:
"'Tis time we use the grape-shot, hear!"
And now the field of carnage sheer
The pall of night does don.

Then I dozed off beside our gun,
And not until the dawn, was done
The revel of the French.
But quiet was our open camp:
His shako with a brush one 'd scamp,
Cross-hearted, would another tramp,
His sharpen'd bayonet clench.

And once the sky lit from its border –
Formations, gleaming, pass'd in order,
With shouts all took its berth.
Our colonel's mettle did you feel:
Czar's servant, soldiers' father real...
Yea, 'tis a pity: slain by steel,
Now sleeps he in black earth.

And eyes aflame, he spoke his mind:
"Hey lads! is Moscow not behind?
By Moscow then we die
As have our brethren died before!"
And that we'll die we all then swore,
And th' oath of loyalty ne'er tore
Neath Borodinian sky.

Some day it was! Through flying smoke
Set out in swarms many a French bloke,
And e'er for our redoubt.
The lancers in their motley guise,
Dragoons with horse-tails with loud cries –
They all would flash before our eyes,
They all were near about.

You 're never to behold such fights!..
The banners would fly by like sprites,
In smoke would glimmer fire,
The blade would sound, the grape would shriek,
The fighters' hand to thrust grow weak,
And muzzles have no space to seek
O'er bloody heaps e'er higher.

The foe that day had many ways
To feel what daring combat weighs,
Our Russian hand-to-hand!..
As did our chests – earth's hollows trembled;
The steeds, the men all disassembled,
And cannon volleys' sound resembled
A moaning o'er the land...

Dusk fell. We all were ready to
Next morrow start the fight anew
And stand till none were left...
Of drums we heard far off the rattle:–
The pagans left the field of battle.
To count then we began the sad toll
Of wounds and comrades reft.

Yea, were there men when I was young,
Bold tribe of whom shall songs be sung:
They'd fight,– you 're none as good.
An evil lot have they been drawn:
Few left the grounds to which they had gone.
Were 't not the will of God alone,
Old Moscow would have stood!
she got a dazed impression of a whirling chaos in which steel flashed and hacked, arms tossed, snarling faces appeared and vanished, and straining bodies collided, rebounded, locked and mingled in a devil's dance of madness.
Robert Howard
  








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