For science-fiction, it depends heavily on what fields of science are involved. If it deals with a field I'm very familiar with, I don't do any research aside from the occasional quick facts check or two, and if the project drags on for years (which a lot of my projects tend to do...) occasional checks for currency. If it deals with a field that I've never studied in-depth before, then I do exhaustive research.
For fantasy, I tend to create completely original settings and scenarios, but if something crops up that needs researching, I'll research as I go. I generally have the key ideas and information set before I start; it's more a matter of pulling it all together into a coherent story.
For everything else, it depends on the type of piece I'm writing. Persuasive pieces are more heavily researched than anecdotal pieces, and so on.
I usually know enough about what I'm writing about before I write it. Which explains why I gravitate to it in the first place. But occasionally I'll find myself researching the little details and things. Like medical, geographical stuff, or religion. I get a bit spazzy with minor details, and since I like stuff to be accurate I'll research it.
I was kind of flitting between the third and fourth option.
It really depends. When I suddenly get a topic in my head(for a narrative especially), I start to think about 'what it would be like If I went here' or so on. In that case, then I definitely need to research because I wouldn't exactly know all the details. But if the topic I'm about to write is fantasy, or about somewhere I've been before, then I tend to rely on my head, because I feel that too many facts might just confuse me between what I wanted to write and what I end up writing.
The fault must partly have been in me. The bird was not to blame for his key. And of course there must be something wrong In wanting to silence any song.
I research because I'm afraid of what will happen if I don't. >.> BUT. I'm never totally immersed in the research. The story is still the basic same no matter what the research says.
It depends on if it's something I can reasonably fake or not.
Someone once told me that writing isn't writing what you know, its writing what you don't know to figure it out/learn more about it. I favor this, mostly because I don't have time for real people research xD
I say I don't research for my novels, but I tend to research a lot out of curiosity, and those curiosities end up encorperated into my novel.
I did research specifically for my novel once. I tried to make my novel scientifically correct by finding out how much a body would decay after death (to know what my character would be like when he was brought back to life.) What happens in the first few days after death? Not much, really. It was a boring conclusion so I decided to make it up anyway.
I would advise others not to follow my example >.>
I tend to research a lot with novels. In fact, I get carried away with research and tend to forget that I'm trying to write a novel. It's really sad. But I love it. 8D