The beginning of the story will be the most important part. It is the part that must hook the reader, and make them want to read on. It's easy to screw up and make the reader start clawing their eyes out. That being said, here is a list of the four things to not do in the beginning.
1. Do Not Bore the Reader
Do not begin by describing with painstaking detail your protagonist's morning ablutions. Do not begin with a purple prose description of a landscape or a character. Do not begin with a myth or legend of the world that has nothing to do with the rest of the story. Do not begin with a prophecy.
2. Do Not Begin With a Barrage of Information
Do not begin by giving the name, eye color, hair color, shoe size, and title of 50,000 characters, aside from your viewpoint character. Preferably none, but if you must, only describe those who will become important to the plot later and those who you absolutely cannot introduce at any other point.
3. Do Not Begin With a Cliché
Beginning with any mention of Dark Lords, Destiny, or your awkward and somewhat clumsy 16 year-old heroine moving to a new school will turn off the majority of serious readers.
4. Do Not Begin With a Prologue that is Radically Different From Chapter 1
Prologue: Epic battle between rebel leader and Dark Lord. Good. Exciting. Yay. Although cliché.
Chapter 1: Stupid farmboy describing his surroundings with words that he shouldn’t even know, being most likely illiterate, and wondering who his real parents are. Bad. Boring. Snore.
Also, do not begin with a prologue that makes no sense until very late in the story (or even in a sequel).
5. Do Not Begin By Confusing the Reader
Everyone likes a little mystery at the beginning of a story. What many people do not like is an author who deliberately withholds information that shouldn't be kept from the reader, a prime (and common) example being the viewpoint character's name. Unless the person has no name or doesn't know his name (and even then, you should give him a nickname instead of saying "the boy" or "the knight"), there is no excuse to keep it hidden. The promise of learning what combination of sounds you've seen fit to assign to this character is not very tempting.
6. Begin With Your Book's True Style
Bait-and-switch tactics are never good ideas when writing. If you start out light and funny but then descend into a dark and gritty gore-fest, you won't please anyone. People who were hoping for a light and funny story will be turned off, and people who like gory books wouldn't have even started reading.
7. Do Not Begin With Made-Up Words
Beginning with every fourth word as something like "Olampir" or "arandkarnters" does not intrigue readers. It ticks them off.
One thing you should do is begin with your best foot forward. If you're good at writing humor, begin with something funny. If you're good with imagery and mood, start by setting the scene. I'd rather read a book that begins with a hilarious joke than one with a poorly-written action scene.
I'd also like to talk more in-depth about prologues. Some people absolutely despise the things, others embrace them. I think that they can work, and sometimes may be helpful, like if the very first part of the story must be told from the point of view of someone dead or absent from the rest. Just remember these three points, as well as #4 from the previous list.
1. Ask yourself your reason for including a prologue. If it's because lots of other stories do, or because you want another thousand or so words to qualify it as a novel, get rid of it. On second thought, print it out, soak it in gasoline, and burn it. If your reason is because you want to explain backstory, ask yourself: does it have to explained at all, yet alone before anything else? In most cases, the answer is no.
2. Make your prologue short. Ideally, it shouldn't be over a page or two.
3. Make sure your readers can easily jump from the prologue to the first chapter without any confusion. Ideally, characters or things from the prologue should be immediately present in Chapter 1.
Also available on my website: http://maxhelmberger.com/generalbeginnings.html
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